Kihon The Kihon outlined here is intended only as a guideline. Within the International Kyokushin Budokai, each instructor is the 'chief' of his own Dojo. Provided the overall framework of the Kyokushin Budo Kai system is maintained, it is possible that the Kihon practised at your local dojo differs in some small way. If you have any doubts - ask your instructor for guidance. There is NO substitute for hands-on training and tuition. 10th Kyu White Belt - 1 Yellow Stripe Dachi Yoi Dachi, Fudo Dachi, Heiko Dachi, Zenkutsu Dachi, Kumite Dachi, Moro Ashi Dachi Te Waza Oi Tsuki (C,J,G), Gyaku Tsuki (C, J,G), Ago Uchi Uke Waza Jodan Uke, Soto Uke, Gedan Barai, Gedan Uke, Gedan Juji Uke Keri Waza Mae Keage, Mae Hiza Geri, Hiza Ganmen Geri, Mae Geri (C, J) Kata Nage Waza O Goshi, Kubi Nage Osae Komi WazaKesa Getame Kansetsu Waza Ude Garami, Juji Gatame Jime Waza Nami Juji Jime, Kata Juji Jime, Gyaku Juji Jime Kumite 5 x 2 min Jiyu Kumite 9th Kyu White Belt - 2 Yellow Stripes Dachi Sanchin Dachi, Heisoku Dachi, Kokutsu Dachi, Neko Ashi Dachi Te Waza Tate Tsuki, Mawashi Uchi (C, J) Uke Waza Shotei Uke (C, J, G), Sune Uke, Jodan Juji Uke, Sune/Kote Uke Keri Waza Mawashi Hiza Geri (J, C, G), Mawashi Geri (J, C, G) Kata Taikyoku Sono Ich, Taikyoku Sono Ni Nage Waza O Soto Gari, Harai Goshi, Maki Komi Nage Osae Komi Waza Kansetsu Waza Hantai Ude Kujiki Jime Waza Kumite 5 x 2 min Jiyu Kumite 8th Kyu Yellow Belt Dachi Kiba Dachi, Kake Dachi Te Waza Shita Tsuki, Jodan Age Uchi Uke Waza Uchi Uke, Uchi Uke/Gedan Barai Keri Waza Kake Geri (J, C, G), Ushiro Mawashi Geri (J, C, G) Kata Taikyoku Sono San Nage Waza Tai Otoshi, Ura Nage Osae Komi WazaKami Shiho Gatame, Yoko Shiho Gatame, Tate Shiho Gatame Kansetsu Waza Ude Gatame Jime Waza Kumite 6 x 2 min Jiyu Kumite 7th Kyu Orange Belt Dachi Shiko Dachi Te Waza Tettsui Komi Kami, Tettsui Yoko Uchi (J, C, G), Tettsui Oroshi Uchi Uke Waza Shuto Mawashi Uke Keri Waza Ushiro Geri (J, C, G), Kakato Geri (J, C, G) Kata Pinan Sono Ichi Nage Waza Morote Gari, Kibisu Gaeshi Osae Komi WazaKata Gatame Kansetsu Waza Waki Gatame, Kannuki Gatame Jime Waza Sode Jime, Kata Te Jime Kumite 7 x 2 min Jiyu Kumite 6th Kyu Green Belt Dachi Tsuru Ashi Dachi Te Waza Uraken Yoko Uchi, Uraken Hizo Uchi, Uraken Shomen Ganmen Uchi, Uraken Oroshi Ganmen Uchi, Uraken Sayu Gamen Uchi Uke Waza Kake Uke Keri Waza Yoko Geri (J, C), Kansetsu Geri Kata Pinan Sono Ni Nage Waza Ko Soto Gari, O Uchi Gari/Gake Osae Komi Waza Kansetsu Waza Hiza Gatame Jime Waza Tsuki Komi Jime Kumite 8 x 2 min Jiyu Kumite 5th Kyu Blue Belt Dachi Te Waza Shotei Uchi (J, C, G), Mawashi Shotei Uchi (J, C) Uke Waza Keri Waza Kinteki Geri, Uchi Mawashi Geri (J, C, G), Uchi Haisoku Geri (J, C) Kata Pinan Sono San Nage Waza O Soto Gake, Ko Uchi Gake, Gyaku Maki Komi Nage Osae Komi Waza Kansetsu Waza Kata Ashi Gatame Jime Waza Hadaka Jime, Kata Ha Jime, Okuri Eri Jime Kumite 9 x 2 min Jiyu Kumite 4th Kyu Blue Belt - 1 Black Stripe Dachi Te Waza Hiji Ate (J, C), Age Hiji Ate, Oroshi Hiji Ate, Yoko Hiji Ate, Ushiro Hiji Ate Uke Waza Mae Shuto Mawashi Uke Keri Waza Mawashi Soto Geri Keage, Mawashi Uchi Geri Keage Kata Sanshin No Kata Nage Waza De Ashi Barai, Ko Soto Gake Osae Komi Waza Kansetsu Waza Jime Waza Ebi Jime, Morote Jime, Sankaku Jime Kumite 10 x 2 min Jiyu Kumite FITNESS 30 Knuckle Push-ups 50 Situps 10 Double Jumps on the Bag 3rd Kyu Brown Belt Dachi Te Waza Shuto Uchi Komi, Shuto Sakotsu Uchi, Shuto Jodan Uchi Uchi, Shuto Yoko Ganmen Uchi, Shuto Hizo Uchi Uke Waza Shuto Jodan Uchi Uke, Shuto Soto Uke, Shuto Gedan Barai, Shuto Jodan Uke Keri Waza Oroshi Uchi Kakato Geri, Oroshi Soto Kakato Geri Kata Pinan Sono Yon Nage Waza Hiza Garuma, Sasae Tsuri Komi Ashi Osae Komi Waza Kansetsu Waza Jime Waza Kaeshi Jime Kumite 10 x 2 min Jiyu Kumite FITNESS 50 Knuckle Push-ups 100 Situps 15 Double Jumps on the Bag 2nd Kyu Brown Belt - 1 Black Stripe Dachi Te Waza Hiraken Uchi (J, C), Oroshi Hiraken Uchi Uke Waza Keri Waza Tobi Nidan Mae Geri, Tobi Mae Geri Kata Pinan Sono Go, Gekisai Dai Nage Waza Uki Waza Osae Komi Waza Kansetsu Waza Ashi Garami, Goshi Gatame Jime Waza Kumite 15 x 2 min Jiyu Kumite, 5 x 2 min Ne Waza, 1 x 2 min Ippon Kumite FITNESS 50 Knuckle Push-ups 20 Finger Push-ups 100 Situps 20 Double Jumps on the Bag 1st Kyu Brown Belt - 2 Black Stripes Dachi Te Waza Me Tsuki, Yonhon Nukite, Toho Uchi Uke Waza Keri Waza Tobi Yoko Geri, Tobi Mawashi Geri Kata Yantsu, Tsuki No Kata Nage Waza Tani Otoshi Osae Komi Waza Kansetsu Waza Jime Waza Kumite 5 x 2min Ne Waza, 1 x 2min Ippon Kumite, 15 x 2min Jiyu Kumite FITNESS 50 Knuckle Push-ups 20 Finger Push-ups 100 Situps 20 Double Jumps on the Bag 1st Dan Black Belt - 1 Gold Stripe Dachi Te Waza Haito Uchi (J, C, G) Uke Waza Keri Waza Tobi Ushiro Geri, Tobi Ushiro Mawashi Geri, Age Kakato Ushiro Geri Kata Saifa, Tensho Nage Waza Osae Komi Waza Kansetsu Waza Jime Waza Kumite 5x2min Ne Waza, 1x3min Ippon Kumite, 1x3min Jiyu Kumite with 2 opponents, 5x2min Free Fight (Helmet), 30x Jiyu Kumite FITNESS 70 Knuckle Push-ups 150 Situps 100 Squats 2nd Dan Black Belt - 2 Gold Stripes Dachi Te Waza Uke Waza Keri Waza Kaiten Geri Kata Seienchin, Kanku Dai Nage Waza Osae Komi Waza Kansetsu Waza Jime Waza Kumite 5x2 Ne Waza, 1x4 Ippon Kumite, 1x3 Jiyu Kumite 2 Opponents, 5x2 Free Fight, 40x2 Jiyu Kumite FITNESS 70 Knuckle Push-ups 150 Situps 100 Squats KATA What is Kata? If one were to describe Kata to a non-practitioner of Karate then the definition would be something like: "A prescribed sequence of steps, strikes, and blocks combined in such a manner as to allow us to practise them with a view to achieving all techniques with balance, speed, power, precision, and grace of execution." However, it is fair to say that Kata is considerably more than this. The word kata means "shape" or "form". The kanji for Kata is composed of the following characters: Katachi meaning "Shape" Kai meaning "Cut" Tsuchi meaning "Earth" or "Soil" Literally translated, kata means "shape which cuts the ground". The number of movements and their sequence are very specific. The balance between offensive and defensive techniques, the stances used and the direction and flow of movement all serve to give each kata its distinctive character. Through the practice of kata, the traditional techniques used for fighting are learned. Balance, coordination, breathing and concentration are also developed. Done properly, kata are an excellent physical exercise and a very effective form of total mind and body conditioning. Kata embodies the idea of ren ma, or "always polishing" – with diligent practice, the moves of the kata become further refined and perfected. The attention to detail that is necessary to perfect a kata cultivates self discipline. Through concentration, dedication and practice, a higher level of learning may be achieved, where the kata is so ingrained in the subconscious mind that no conscious attention is needed. This is what the Zen masters call mushin, or "no mind." The conscious, rational thought practice is not used at all – what was once memorized is now spontaneous. Mas Oyama said that one should "think of karate as a language – the kihon (basics) can be thought of as the letters of the alphabet, the kata (forms) will be the equivalent of words and sentences, and the kumite (fighting) will be analogous to conversations." He believed that it was better to master just one kata than to only half-learn many. Mas Oyama also emphasized the three fundamental principles of kata: Waza no Kankyu The Tempo (fast - slow) of the Techniques. The tempo of the kata varies – some techniques are performed quickly, while others are done more slowly. Chikara no Kyojaku The Force (strong - weak) of the Power. The power of a technique derives from the proper balance between strength and relaxation. Iki no Chosei The Control (regulation) of Breathing. The practice of traditional kata is also a way for the Karateka to pay respect to the origins and history of Kyokushin Karate and the martial arts in general. The Kata of Kyokushin Karate are as dynamic as they are diverse. They are very much a reflection of the style and nature of Mas Oyama, the founder of Kyokushin Karate. The Kata which Kyokushin Budo Kai practitioners learn early in their training are reflective of the early training regimen of Oyama. Similarly, Oyama's later training is evident in the senior Kata as practised within the Kyokushin Budo Kai system. The initial Kata practised within the Kyokushin Budo Kai system are mostly based on Shotokan Kata (Taikyoku and Pinan) and Chinese Kempo (Yantsu). The later, more flamboyant and impressive Kata are derived from Goju Ryu. The sequence of training and Kata learned within Kyokushinkai and Kyokushin Budo Kai differs from other 'sports based' systems. This is typically since sport based Karate schools are concerned more with winning Kata competitions than they are with an effective system of unarmed combat. Please remember, within the Budo Kai system, each instructor is the 'chief' of his own dojo. Provided the overall framework of the Kyokushin Budo Kai system is maintained, it is possible that the Kata you will practise at your local dojo differs in some small way to those outlined here. If you have any doubts - ask your instructor for guidance. There is NO substitute for hands-on training and tuition. About Pinan Kata Yasutsune Itosu learned a form from a Chinese living in Okinawa. This form was called "Chiang Nan" by the Chinese and the form became known as "Channan" to the Okinawan masters. It seems that the name sounds strange to the Okinawans and is, for them, somewhat difficult to say. In Japanese, the "n" sound is often followed by a subtle "g". So, "Channan" is pronounced like "Chahng nan" with the "ng" not so fully expressed. With this premise, Channan does seem a little awkward to say. Itosu considered that "Channan" was both hard to say and too long to be easily taught. In 1906 he broke the form into five smaller forms (Kata) and called these smaller sets Pinan. He then introduced them to the children of the Okinawan schools. Continuing with the concept, Itosu founded (or in truth broke apart and renamed) other Kata and these newly structured Kata later became the basis of the Japanese Shorin styles. The masters Takagi and Uku support this story, and masters from other schools, like Chozo Nakama tell it too. The Channan form remained preserved when passed to "favoured students" and is still detailed in the school records. The Pinan Kata created by Itosu Sensei are based on two Kata: Channan I and Channan II. Some believe that Pinan Shodan (or Heien Nidan) is Channan I and that Pinan Nidan (Heian Shodan) is Channan II, whilst others believe that Channan I and II are simply 'lost' and that nobody truly knows these forms today. The head of a Chinese system is said to have claimed that he has Channan I and II, and that there is - in fact - a Channan III but there are no real means to verify or refute his claims. The Okinawan name Pinan was later renamed (by Gichin Funakoshi) to Heian (meaning: 'peace and harmony'). It's literal translation is "great peace" or "peaceful mind". It is true that the movements of Kata involve techniques that are used for unarmed combat. However, the purpose of the Pinan (Heian) Kata is to develop a calm, peaceful mind and a harmony between the mind and body. Most Okinawan styles have kept the name Pinan. About Sanchin No Kata Sanchin kata is traditionally practised in a number of schools such as Goju Ryu and Uechi Ryu. The kata was taken to Okinawa from Fukien province in South China. Sanchin No Kata is one of the cornerstones of Kyokushin karate. Roots of Sanchin It is widely held that this Sanchin No Kata embodies the essence of Karate and that without a profound understanding of this, the higher levels will not be perceived. Sanchin has a legendary tradition. It's roots can be traced to it's introduction into China, from India, by the Buddhist monk Bohdidarma in 520AD. Bohdidarma's teachings have evolved and changed over generations to the point where the martial teaching have become emphasized. As the influence of the temple grew politically and financially, they found themselves threatened at different points thoughout the centuries by both bandit forces and the armies of the Emperors. Over time the Buddhist temple arts filtered out to the general populace and were taught and propagated as civil martial arts. Thus legend suggests that a composite "yoga, unarmed, self protection and mediation method" was developed at the temple and later became an integral part of Chinese martial arts. These arts were taken from the Fukien province of South China to Okinawa and became incorporated by teachers into the indigenous fighting methods. Background One of the many forms to surface in Okinawa was the Sanchin form. In the Fukien dialect is pronounced San-Chien and in Mandarin "San Chan". It's translation can be understood as follows: San: Three Chin: Conflict, Battle, War Sanchin No Kata is commonly referred to as "three conflicts" although others prefer "three battles". Sanchin is very popular as a dynamic tension method to produce the "Iron Body" effect. Ki is concentrated on the exterior of the body to produce a "hardening effect" which is able to withstand enormous impact to the body. Those Okinawan teachers who had a penchant for body conditioning continued to develop this form as it was very much in line with their needs. Benefit Chojun Miyagi, the founder of Goju Ryu, simplified the kata by removing many turns and changing from open hand to closed fist. It was his intention that through the closing of the fist, Ki would be redirected back into the body, energizing the body thus aiding the development of the external muscles. Now that the art of Karate has come to the West - and with it Sanchin - it's practise has become very much a method of physical development and a demonstration of tension, strength and breath control. Unfortunately, its practise in order to develop external physical strength is often over emphasized. A counter balance with the internal aspects of the kata are neccessary in order to develop pliability and sensitivity. In the the initial stages, the balance can most easily be found through strong exterior muscle contraction in conjunction with yielding abdominal breathing. Through focus upon these 'conflicting' dynamics, firm and yielding, the two can be combimed. As a result integration - rather than conflict - can be experienced. This experience of 'flux in balance' gives us an insight into the natural energies that we all possess. Next, these energies can be developed as part of the practise known as Kiko or energy cultivation. Three conflicts and three jewels Sanchin Kata contains the essence Karate. Its primary function is to develop the cutting mind, the body of armour and explosive power. In order to develop Sanchin the three conflicts must first be recognised, harmonised and fully refined. The three conflicts are: - Mind - Body - Breath The Mind: it is the discipline of concentration that clears the the countless random thoughts that constantly distract us. Therefore when studying Sanchin we refrain from internal verbalising and concentrate on experiencing the feelings instead. This is the state of mushin. The Body: constant repetition combined with self awareness corrects poor body alignment and brings control to erratic body mechanics. It restores the bodies natural balance and posture. Natural strength is developed in favour of excessive tension or relaxation. The Breath: abdominal breathing replaces restrictive thoracic (chest) contraction and expansion that manifests as shallow chest breathing. This enables tension in the upper body to be released from the chest and is pushed down into lower abdomen (hara). Each conflict can be seen as a dull unpolished stone. Through the practise of Sanchin, each stone abrades the rough surface of the other, until three jewels emerge. Concentrate without distraction on natural movement and posture, combined with coordinated abdominal breathing. This may take many years but with patience and perseverance will come the rewards. The Cutting Mind: is the calm clear mind that perceives and acts without the incessant chatter of internal dialogue. The starting point of Zen; the uncluttered mind that allows direct experience and reaction at an instinctive level. To empathize with the enemy enables their movements to be intuited so as to cut the enemy down without hesitation at precisely the right moment. The Body of Armour: is commonly referred to as "Iron Shirt" and is the effect whereby the body is able to absorb and witstand substantial blows. This is done by developing and utilising the muscles, bones and tendons throughout the whole body, absorbing and dissipating the force of the strike much like a giant shock absorber. The Explosive Power: is generated by harnessing the combined energy of the whole body and then channelling and directing it into the opponent. In the initial stages a single shock wave is produced, hence the intent of "the single killing blow". In the higher levels the shock wave manifests itself as a series of continuous waves or vibrations. The source of this power is the hara or lower abdomen combined with contractions of the diaphragm (breathing control). Crane boxing refers to this as "shaking" or "trembling", in the Chinese internal arts this explosive energy is called "Fa Jing". Sanchin is an isometric kata where each move is performed in a state of complete tension, accompanied by powerful, deep breathing (Ibuki) that originates in the lower abdomen (tan den). The practice of Sanchin not only leads to the strengthening of the body, but to the development of inner power (ki) and the coordination of mind and body. Sanchin means "three battles" or "three conflicts", in reference to the fact that it seeks to develop three elements at a time: The mind, body and the techniques, The internal organs, circulation and the nervous system, and The three ki, located in: a) Tento - the top of the head b) Hara - the diaphragm c) Tanden - the lower abdomen Taikyoku Sono Ichi Taikyoku Sono Ichi and Taikyoku Sono Ni are identical in movement with the exception that all the punches in Taikyoku Sono Ichi are at middle level (Chudan) and in Taikyoku Sono Ni the punches are at upper level (Jodan). Steps Begin the Kata in Fudo Dachi. On the command "Yoi" move into the Yoi stance. On the command, "Hajime" move the left foot at 90° to the left into Zenkutsu Dachi and block Mae Gedan Barai (ensure that the left fist is approximately "one fist" in height above the left knee). Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi and punch right Chudan Oi Tsuki. With the right foot, slide backwards and at a diagonal angle placing the right foot in the correct position and at the same time positioning the arms ready for the block, turn the body at the completion of the movement 180° into right Zenkutsu Dachi and block Mae Gedan Barai. Move forward into left Zenkutsu Dachi and punch left Chudan Oi Tsuki. Move the left foot at 90° into left Zenkutsu Dachi and block Mae Gedan Barai. Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi and punch right Chudan Oi Tsuki. Move forward into left Zenkutsu Dachi and punch left Chudan Oi Tsuki. Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi, punch right Chudan Oi Tsuki and KIAI. Move the left foot at 90° "in ura" and pivot on the right foot into left Zenkutsu Dachi and block Mae Gedan Barai. Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi and punch right Chudan Oi Tsuki. Move the right foot back turning the body 180° into right Zenkutsu Dachi and block Mae Gedan Barai. Move forward into left Zenkutsu Dachi and punch left Chudan Oi Tsuki. Move the left foot at 90° "in ura" into left Zenkutsu Dachi and block Mae Gedan Barai. Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi and punch right Chudan Oi Tsuki. Move forward into left Zenkutsu Dachi and punch left Chudan Oi Tsuki. Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi, punch right Chudan Oi Tsuki and KIAI. Move the left foot at 90° into left Zenkutsu Dachi and block Mae Gedan Barai. Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi and punch right Chudan Oi Tsuki. Move the right foot back turning the body 180° into right Zenkutsu Dachi and block Mae Gedan Barai. Move forward into left Zenkutsu Dachi and punch left Chudan Oi Tsuki. On the command "Naore" move the left leg to the right leg into Fudo Dachi to complete the Kata. Taikyoku Sono Ni Taikyoku Sono Ichi and Taikyoku Sono Ni are identical in movement with the exception that all the punches in Taikyoku Sono Ichi are at middle level (Chudan) and in Taikyoku Sono Ni the punches are at upper level (Jodan). Steps Begin the Kata in Fudo Dachi On the command "Yoi" move into the Yoi stance. On the command, "Hajime" move the left foot at 90° to the left into Zenkutsu Dachi and block Mae Gedan Barai (ensure that the left fist is approximately "one fist" in height above the left knee). Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi and punch right Jodan Oi Tsuki. With the right foot, slide backwards and at a diagonal angle placing the right foot in the correct position and at the same time positioning the arms ready for the block, turn the body at the completion of the movement 180° into right Zenkutsu Dachi and block Mae Gedan Barai. Move forward into left Zenkutsu Dachi and punch left Jodan Oi Tsuki. Move the left foot at 90° into left Zenkutsu Dachi and block Mae Gedan Barai. Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi and punch right Jodan Oi Tsuki. Move forward into left Zenkutsu Dachi and punch left Jodan Oi Tsuki. Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi, punch right Jodan Oi Tsuki and KIAI. Move the left foot at 90° "in ura" and pivot on the right foot into left Zenkutsu Dachi and block Mae Gedan Barai. Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi and punch right Jodan Oi Tsuki. Move the right foot back turning the body 180° into right Zenkutsu Dachi and block Mae Gedan Barai. Move forward into left Zenkutsu Dachi and punch left Jodan Oi Tsuki. Move the left foot at 90° "in ura" into left Zenkutsu Dachi and block Mae Gedan Barai. Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi and punch right Jodan Oi Tsuki. Move forward into left Zenkutsu Dachi and punch left Jodan Oi Tsuki. Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi, punch right Jodan Oi Tsuki and KIAI. Move the left foot at 90° into left Zenkutsu Dachi and block Mae Gedan Barai. Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi and punch right Jodan Oi Tsuki. Move the right foot back turning the body 180° into right Zenkutsu Dachi and block Mae Gedan Barai. Move forward into left Zenkutsu Dachi and punch left Jodan Oi Tsuki. On the command "Naore" move the left leg to the right leg into Fudo Dachi to complete the Kata. Taikyoku Sono San In Taikyoku Sono San, Kokutsu Dachi and Uchi Uke are introduced into the Kata. Though Taikyoku Sono San should be considered a basic Kata, it takes beginners a long time to perform these techniques satisfactorily. Black belt candidates often perform this Kata poorly due to a lack of understanding of the principles and techniques that it contains. Steps Begin the Kata in Fudo Dachi. On the command "YOi" move into the YOi stance On the command "Hajime" move the left foot at 90° to the left into Kokutsu Dachi and block left Chudan Uchi Uke. Before moving into Zenkutsu Dachi the blocking arm is placed in a position similar to Chudan Tsuki. (This movement occurs after every Kokutsu Dachi and Chudan Uchi prior to moving into Zenkutsu Dachi). Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi and punch right Chudan Oi Tsuki. With the right foot slide backwards at a diagonal angle placing the right foot in the correct position and at the same time positioning the arms ready for the block. Turn the body at the completion of the movement 180° into right Kokutsu Dachi and block right Chudan Uchi Uke. Move forward into left Zenkutsu Dachi and punch left Chudan Oi Tsuki. Move the left foot at 90° into left Zenkutsu Dachi and block mae Gedan Barai. Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi and punch right Jodan Oi Tsuki. Move forward into left Zenkutsu Dachi and punch left Jodan Oi Tsuki. Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi, punch right Jodan Oi Tsuki and KIAI. Move the left foot at 90° and pivot on the right foot into left Kokutsu Dachi and block left Chudan Uchi Uke. Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi and punch right Chudan Oi Tsuki. Move the right foot back turning the body 180° into right Kokutsu Dachi and block right Chudan Uchi Uke. Move forward into left Zenkutsu Dachi and punch left Chudan Oi Tsuki. Move the left foot at 90° into left Zenkutsu Dachi and block mae Gedan Barai. Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi and punch right Jodan Oi Tsuki. Move forward into left Zenkutsu Dachi and punch left Jodan Oi Tsuki. Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi, punch right Jodan Oi Tsuki and KIAI. Move the left foot at 90° and pivot on the right foot into left Kokutsu Dachi and block left Chudan Uchi Uke. Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi and punch right Chudan Oi Tsuki. Move the right foot back turning the body 180° into right Kokutsu Dachi and block right Chudan Uchi Uke. Move forward into left Zenkutsu Dachi and punch left Chudan Oi Tsuki. On the command "Naore" move the left foot into fudo dachi to complete the Kata (fists to remain closed at all times). Pinan Sono Ichi This is the first Kata of the Pinan group. It develops a number of defensive techniques (Gedan Barai, Jodan Uke and Mawashi Shuto Uchi) and a number attacking techniques (Chudan Oi Tsuki and Tetsui Komi Kami). Body positioning is developed with the execution of Zenkutsu Dachi, Neko Ashi Dachi and Kokutsu Dachi. In Pinan Sono Ichi, above all the leg movements and changes of direction, the posture of the upper body and the tension control are focused upon. Steps Begin the Kata in Fudo Dachi. On the command "Yoi" move into the Yoi stance. On the command "Hajime" move the left foot at 90° to the left into Zenkutsu Dachi and block Mae Gedan Barai. Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi and punch right Chudan Oi Tsuki. Move the right foot back 180° into right Zenkutsu Dachi and block Mae Gedan Barai. Draw the right foot back into Neko Ashi Dachi keeping the hips at the same height and strike right Tetsui Komi Kami. (When executing the Tetsui Komi Kami ensure your left arm is brought across the chest in the cover position so that the left fist is placed into your right shoulder, ensure also that the right fist is brought from behind the head and is approximately one fist away from the back of the head). Before moving into Zenkutsu Dachi the striking arm is placed into a position similar to Chudan Tsuki. Move forward into left Zenkutsu Dachi and punch left Chudan Oi Tsuki. Move the left foot at 90° into left Zenkutsu Dachi and block Mae Gedan Barai. Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi and block right Jodan Uke. Move forward into left Zenkutsu Dachi and block left Jodan Uke. Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi and block right Jodan Uke and KIAI. Move the left foot at 90° and pivot on the right foot into left Zenkutsu Dachi and block Mae Gedan Barai. Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi and punch right Chudan Oi Tsuki. Move the right foot 180° back into right Zenkutsu Dachi and block Mae Gedan Barai. Move forward into left Zenkutsu Dachi and punch left Chudan Oi Tsuki. Move the left foot at 90° into left Zenkutsu Dachi and block Mae Gedan Barai. Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi and punch right Chudan Oi Tsuki. Move forward into left Zenkutsu Dachi and punch left Chudan Oi Tsuki. Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi and punch right Chudan Oi Tsuki and KIAI. Move the left foot at 90° and pivot on the right foot into left Kokutsu Dachi and block left Shuto Mawashi Uke. Move forward at 45° into right Kokutsu Dachi and block right Shuto Mawashi Uke. Move the right foot back 135° into right Kokutsu Dachi and block right Shuto Mawashi Uke. Move forward at 45° into left Kokutsu Dachi and block left Shuto Mawashi Uke. On the command "Naore" move the left leg to the right leg into Fudo Dachi to complete the Kata. Pinan Sono Ni This is the second Kata of the Pinan group. Steps Begin the Kata in Fudo Dachi. On the command "Yoi" move into the Yoi stance. On the command "Hajime" move the left foot 90° to the left into Kokutsu Dachi simultaneously the right fist is pulled back to the right side in the ready punch position and the left fist is positioned immediately on, and vertical to, the right fist. Without moving the body raise the right arm into a position similar to Jodan Uke (to the side of the head) and move the left arm across into a Chudan Uchi Uke position (fist approximately at chin height). Both these movements are to be executed simultaneously. Still in the Kokutsu Dachi position strike right Tetsui Hizo Uchi twisting the hips square. The left fist is simultaneously brought back over the right shoulder so that the elbow is level with the jaw (n.b. the left fist is approximately 3 cm above the shoulder and the back of the fist faces upwards). Retaining the same stance the right fist is turned 180° so that the knuckles are directed straight in front as if to cover, the left fist is brought back to the ready punch position. Move through with the left leg into Kiba Dachi and looking to the left punch left Jun Tsuki and pull the right fist into the ready punch position. (It is essential to use the hip movement in Jun Tsuki). Pull the right leg back into right Kokutsu Dachi at the same time turning the body 180° simultaneously the left fist is pulled back to the left side to the ready punch position and the right fist is positioned immediately on, and vertical to, the left fist. Without moving the body or its direction raise the left arm into a position similar to Jodan Uke and move the right arm across into a Chudan Uchi Uke position. Still in the Kokutsu Dachi position strike left Tetsui Hizo Uchi twisting the hips square. The right fist is simultaneously brought back over the left shoulder so that the elbow is level with the jaw. Retaining the same stance the left fist is turned 180° so that the knuckles are directed straight in front as if to cover, the right fist is brought back to the ready punch position. Move through with the right leg into Kiba Dachi and looking to the right punch Jun Tsuki and pull the left fist to the ready punch position. Bring the right leg back turning 90° into Tsuru Ashi Dachi and simultaneously bring the fists to the left side of the body so that the right fist is positioned on top of the left. Kick Jodan Yoko Geri and strike Uraken with the right fist (n.b. the left fist remains in the ready punch position). After striking Uraken the right fist is brought back to the left fist to its original position and the right leg returned to Tsuru Ashi Dachi. Place the right foot on the ground next to the left foot and move through into left Kokutsu Dachi and block left Shuto Mawashi Uke. Move forward into left Kokutsu Dachi and block left Shuto Mawashi Uke. Still in the same stance block left Shuto Uke and move into right Zenkutsu Dachi and strike right Chudan Yonhon Nukite and KIAI (the right elbow should be 3 cm above the left hand). Move the left foot at 90° and pivot on the right foot into left Kokutsu Dachi and block left Shuto Mawashi Uke. Move forward at 45° into right Kokutsu Dachi and block right Shuto Mawashi Uke. Move the right foot 135° into right Kokutsu Dachi and block right Shuto Mawashi. Move forward at 45° into left Kokutsu Dachi and block left Shuto Mawashi Uke. Close both fists and move the left leg across at 45° to turn into left Zenkutsu Dachi, simultaneously the left forearm is positioned at 45° in front of the head. In addition the right arm, fist closed, is positioned behind the right leg, thumb facing upwards. These latter movements are executed whilst the body is turning into the position preparing for Zenkutsu Dachi. To complete the turn the right hand moves quickly in a circular bowling action (with the fist closed) over the shoulder at a 45° angle (at this stage the left arm is in front of the body) across the left thigh and then across the body with a right Chudan Uchi Uke. As the right arm moves across the body the left fist is pulled back into the left ready punch (n.b. all these movements are executed quickly). Keeping the arms in this position kick right Chudan Mae Geri so that the leg is just inside the right arm (when executing the kick ensure that the right arm does not drop from the blocking position). Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi and punch left Chudan Gyaku Tsuki. Still in Zenkutsu Dachi turn the left fist so that the thumb is facing the floor and execute a slow Chudan Uchi Uke block across to the right thigh, to a mental count of five, with the right fist in the ready punch position. Keeping the arms in this position kick left Chudan Mae Geri so that the leg is just inside the left arm. Move forward into left Zenkutsu Dachi and punch right Chudan Gyaku Tsuki. Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi and block right Morote Chudan Uke (the right fist should come from the left shoulder). Move the left foot at 90° and pivot on the right foot into left Zenkutsu Dachi and block Mae Gedan Barai. In the same stance pull the left fist back to the ready punch position hand closed - the hand then opens as you strike Jodan Nihon Nukite at 45°. Move forward at 45° into right Zenkutsu Dachi and block right Jodan Uke. Move the right foot back 135° into right Zenkutsu Dachi and block Mae Gedan Barai. In the same stance pull the right fist back to the ready punch position and strike Jodan Nihon Nukite at 45°. Move forward at 45° into left Zenkutsu Dachi and block left Jodan Uke and KIAI. On the command "Naore" move the left leg to the right leg into Fudo Dachi to complete the Kata. Pinan Sono San This Kata contains many techniques for close combat and focuses on the usage of Kiba Dachi. Steps Begin the Kata in Fudo Dachi. On the command "Yoi" move into the Yoi stance. On the command "Hajime" move the left foot at 90° into Kokutsu Dachi and block left Chudan Uchi Uke. Bring the right foot to the left foot into Musubi Dachi and at the same time position the right hand in a Gedan Barai position. Block right Chudan Uchi Uke and left Gedan Barai and repeat with left Chudan Uchi Uke and right Gedan Barai. Move the right foot back 180° into right Kokutsu Dachi and block right Chudan Uchi Uke. Bring the left foot to the right foot into Musubi Dachi and at the same time position the left hand in a Gedan Barai position. Block left Chudan Uchi Uke and right Gedan Barai and repeat with right Chudan Uchi Uke and left Gedan Barai. Move the left foot at 90° into left Zenkutsu Dachi and block Morote Chudan Uke, block left shuto Uke and return the right hand open to the ready punch position. Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi and strike right Chudan Yonhon Nukite. In the same stance stoop the body, right hand reaching out along the ground, and cover with a left hand Shotei. Pivot on the right foot in an anti-clockwise 180° and spin into Kiba Dachi (sweeping the little finger of the right hand across the floor - as if to hook an opponents leg), the left arm comes over the right hand Shotei cover. On completion of the turn, into Kiba Dachi, strike left Tetsui Yoko Uchi (this strike is positioned slightly above your own shoulder line). Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi, punch right Chudan Tsuki and KIAI. Pivot on the right foot and turn 180° into Musubi Dachi simultaneously placing the fists (back of fists facing forward) on your hips. (after this position has been taken there is a slight pause for a mental count of two before the next technique.) Kick right Chudan Mae Geri bring the foot back and place it firmly down turning your body 90° into Kiba Dachi immediately bring your right elbow across and down moving the hips and shoulders slightly so as not to spoil the Kiba Dachi. Return the body upright to the original position and strike right Uraken Yoko Uchi and return the fist to the hip position. Turning the body 90° to the front kick left Chudan Mae Geri bring the foot back and place it firmly down turning your body 90° into Kiba Dachi immediately bring your left elbow across and down return the body to the original upright position and strike left Uraken Yoko Uchi and return the fist to the hip position. Turning the body 90° to the front kick right Chudan Mae Geri bring the foot back and place it firmly down turning your body 90° into Kiba Dachi immediately bring your right elbow across and down return the body to the original upright position and strike right Uraken Yoko Uchi. Return the right fist to the hip position and pivot 90° to the right immediately extend the right arm with the hand open in a Chudan Shotei cover. Move forward into left Zenkutsu Dachi and punch left Chudan Oi Tsuki. Move the right foot forward to the left, as to cover the groin immediately move across into Kiba Dachi and continue the movement by turning 180° on the right foot into another Kiba Dachi, simultaneously strike right Jodan Hiji Ate bring the left hand back to the ready punch position. Keeping the arms in the same position jump to the right, leading with the left foot (both feet off the ground), land in Kiba Dachi and strike left Jodan Hiji Ate and KIAI. On the command "Naore" move the left leg to the right leg into Fudo Dachi to complete the Kata. Sanchin No Kata The performance of this Kata is based on the principles of tension, isometrics and breath control. It is a Kata designed to build strength and control throughout the body in conjunction with the perfection of the techniques used. All techniques are performed as slow controlled movements unless otherwise indicated. Steps Begin the Kata in Fudo Dachi. Move into Musubi Dachi and Mokuso on the command "Mokuso". On the second command "Sanchin", open eyes, move into the Yoi position with Ibuki. On the command "Hajime" move into right Sanchin Dachi simultaneously putting the right arm in front of the left and block Morote Chudan Uchi Uke with Ibuki. In the same position bring the left fist back to the ready punch position (to a mental count of four), and punch left Chudan Tsuki with Ibuki with the extended left arm block Chudan Uchi Uke with Ibuki. With the arms in the Morote Chudan Uchi Uke position, quickly step into left Sanchin Dachi and inhale, bring the right fist back to the ready punch position and punch right Chudan Tsuki with Ibuki with the extended right arm block Chudan Uchi Uke with Ibuki. With the arms in the Morote Chudan Uchi Uke position, quickly step into right Sanchin Dachi and inhale, bring the left fist back to the ready punch position and punch in a half circular movement (Kake Tsuki) across the body to finish under the right elbow with Ibuki. With the arms in this position quickly step across with the right foot and turn 180° into left Sanchin Dachi simultaneously blocking with a fast left Chudan Uchi Uke and bring the right fist back into ready punch position. In the same stance punch right Chudan Tsuki with Ibuki with the extended right arm block Chudan Uchi Uke with Ibuki. With the arms in Morote Chudan Uchi Uke position quickly step into right Sanchin Dachi and inhale, bring the left fist back to the ready punch position and punch in a half circular movement (Kake Tsuki) across the body to finish under the right elbow with Ibuki. With the arms in this position quickly step across with the right foot and turn 180° into left Sanchin Dachi simultaneously blocking with a fast left Chudan Uchi Uke and bring the right fist back to the ready punch position. In the same stance punch right Chudan Tsuki with Ibuki with the extended right arm block Chudan Uchi Uke with Ibuki. With the arms in Morote Chudan Uchi Uke position quickly step into right Sanchin Dachi, bring the left fist back to the ready punch position and punch left Chudan Tsuki with Ibuki, with the extended left arm block Chudan Uchi Uke with Ibuki. In the same stance bring the right fist back to the ready punch position and punch right Chudan Tsuki with Ibuki with the extended right arm block Chudan Uchi Uke with Ibuki. Still in the same stance bring the left fist back into the ready punch position and punch left Chudan Tsuki with Ibuki with the extended left arm block Chudan Uchi Uke with Ibuki. Still in the same stance quickly grab with both hands directly in front of you, at approximately neck height, with palms facing out (grab as if to hold the inside of lapels i.e. of jacket). Quickly pull back both hands closed to the ready punch position. Inhale and open both fists and execute a Morote Yonhon Nukite with Ibuki (height of Nukite strike is approximately at your own solar plexus height). Again quickly grab with both hands directly in front of you, quickly pull back both hands closed to the ready punch position and execute a Morote Yonhon Nukite with Ibuki. Repeat the last sequence of grabbing, pulling back the hands closed and execute a Morote Yonhon Nukite with Ibuki. Quickly move back with the right leg into left Sanchin Dachi, position both hands in preparation for Shuto Mawashi Uke. Quickly complete the Shuto Mawashi Uke. Inhale and execute Morote Shotei Uchi, right hand Jodan left hand Gedan, with Ibuki. Quickly move back with the left foot into right Sanchin Dachi position both hands forward and quickly execute Shuto Mawashi Uke, inhale and execute Morote Shotei Uchi, left hand Jodan right hand Gedan with Ibuki. The Kata is completed by moving the right foot back into Musubi Dachi and the Mokuso position is retained until the command "Naore" when the Fudo Dachi position is taken. Pinan Sono Yon The flow of Pinan Sono Yon is characterised by the dynamic use of ‘double defence’ movements and foot techniques. Many are quick to point out that Pinan Sono Yon is from the Kanku. Steps Begin the Kata in Fudo Dachi. On the command "Yoi" move into the Yoi stance. On the command "Hajime" move the left foot at 90° into Kokutsu Dachi simultaneously the right fist is pulled back to the right side in the ready punch position and the left fist is positioned immediately on, and vertical to, the right fist. Without moving the body or its direction raise the right arm into a Jodan Shuto Uke position (to the side of the head) and move the left arm across into a Chudan Shuto Uchi Uke position. Both these movements are to be executed simultaneously. Move the left foot across turning the body 180° into right Kokutsu Dachi simultaneously pulling the left fist to the ready punch position with the right fist positioned on top as previously described. Without moving the body or its direction raise the left arm into a Jodan Shuto Uke position and move the right arm across into a Chudan Shuto Uchi Uke position. Both these movements are to be executed simultaneously. Move the left foot at 90°, position the hands by the right ear in the Juji position, and complete the turn into left Zenkutsu Dachi and simultaneously block Seiken Juji Gedan Uke (right arm above left). Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi and block right Morote Chudan Uchi Uke (the right fist comes from the left shoulder). Bring the left leg into Tsuru Ashi Dachi, move the right fist back to the ready punch position and place the left fist on top. Kick Jodan Yoko Geri and simultaneously strike left Uraken (the right fist remains in ready position). Bring the left foot back into Tsuru Ashi Dachi and open the left fist in the Shuto position then step down to the left into left Zenkutsu Dachi. While turning the hips into the stance, strike right Jodan Hiji Ate, hitting the open left hand. Lift the right leg into Tsuru Ashi Dachi, move the left fist back into the ready punch position with the right fist on top. Kick Jodan Yoko Geri and simultaneously strike right Uraken. Bring the right foot back into Tsuru Ashi Dachi and open the right fist in the Shuto position then step down to the right into Zenkutsu Dachi. While turning the hips into the stance, strike left Jodan Hiji Ate, hitting the open hand. Partially turn the upper body and head 135° to the left retaining the Zenkutsu Dachi stance, bring the right hand behind the head in the Shuto position and extend the left arm with the hand open in a Shuto Jodan cover position so that it is level with your head. Complete the turn into left Zenkutsu Dachi and strike right Gyaku Shuto Yoko Ganmen Uchi (the strike must not pass across the body's centre line) and at the same time pull the left hand back so that it is one fist away from the forehead with the palm facing away from the body. Kick right Jodan Mae Geri at 45° with the hands in the same position. Pull the leg back into the Tsuru Ashi Dachi position and cover with left shotei and prepare to strike with right Uraken. Jump at 45° to the right into Kake Dachi and as you land in Kake Dachi strike right Uraken shomen Uchi and KIAI. (as you strike the left hand moves outside the right and returns to the left ready punch position, closed). From Kake Dachi turn 135° to the left moving the left foot into left Zenkutsu Dachi simultaneously execute a slow downwards cross arm block with the hands closed. Place the right arm in a Chudan Tsuki position and pull the left fist back to the ready punch position, kick right Chudan Mae Geri retaining the hand position as described. Move into right Zenkutsu Dachi and execute Nihon Chudan Tsuki (left and right). Move the right leg across 90° to the right (do not bring the feet together) into right Zenkutsu Dachi and execute a slow downwards cross arm block with the hands closed. Place the left arm in a Chudan Tsuki position and pull the right fist back to the ready punch position, kick left Chudan Mae Geri retaining the hand position as described. Move into left Zenkutsu Dachi and execute Nihon Chudan Tsuki (right and left). Move to the left 45° into left Zenkutsu Dachi and position the arms for Morote Chudan Uke complete the turn and execute a left Morote Chudan Uchi Uke block. Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi and block right Morote Chudan Uchi Uke. Move forward into left Zenkutsu Dachi and block left Morote Chudan Uchi Uke. Open both hands and grab for an imaginary opponent's head to the front. Pull your hands down, kick right Hiza Geri and KIAI (as if pulling the opponent's head onto your knee). Place the right foot down next to the left and turn 180° stepping forward into left Kokutsu Dachi and execute a half Shuto Mawashi Uke. Move forward into right Kokutsu Dachi and execute a Shuto Mawashi Uke. On the command "Naore" move the right leg to the left leg into Fudo Dachi to complete the Kata. Pinan Sono Go Pinan Sono Go is the last Kata in the Pinan group. Pinan Sono Go is practised in order to unite several of the core aspects of Karate. In particular: Defence of Jodan, Chudan and Gedan areas. Seizing and countering an opponents attack. Counters quickly followed with change of direction (in order to face next opponent). Use of jump, parry and counter (Tai Sabaki) techniques in conjunction with Nagashi (flowing) techniques. The execution of this Kata places high emphasis on rhythm and timing. The Kata focuses particularly on the principles of flowing steps in conjunction with the execution of high speed techniques. Steps Begin the Kata in Fudo Dachi. On the command "Yoi" move into the Yoi stance. On the command "Hajime" move the left foot at 90° into Kokutsu Dachi, block left Chudan Uchi Uke and punch right Chudan Gyaku Tsuki. Turning 90° return the left foot into Heisoku Dachi simultaneously the right fist is pulled slowly back to the ready punch position (across the body) with the left fist placed on top of the right. Move the right foot across and turn 90° into right Kokutsu Dachi and block right Chudan Uchi Uke and punch left Chudan Gyaku Tsuki. Turning 90° return the right foot into Heisoku Dachi simultaneously the left fist is pulled slowly back to the ready punch position (across the body) with the right fist placed on top of the left. Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi and block right Chudan Morote Uchi Uke. Move forward into left Zenkutsu Dachi and block Seiken Juji Gedan Uke (the block is executed from the Juji position from the right ear). Pull both arms back towards the chest, arms crossed fists closed, then drive them up into Shuto Juji Uke (left arm under right). Execute a twisting movement with both hands, pull the right hand back to the ready punch position and position the left hand in either a block or hook position. Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi, punch right Chudan Oi Tsuki and KIAI simultaneously pulling the left hand back closed to the ready punch position (as if pulling someone towards you). Turn 180° blocking right leg Teisoku Uke and prepare to block Gedan Barai (the leg block is executed as if being attacked from behind and the left hand covers the groin). Place the right foot down into Kiba Dachi and block Gedan Barai. Turn your head 180° to the left, quickly bring the right palm in front of your face to cover with Shotei; the left hand is positioned under the right arm, palm open horizontal to the floor. Bring the left hand slowly from under the right arm pit and strike haishu at approximately head height, simultaneously pulling the right hand back closed to the ready punch position. Using the right foot strike your left hand with Teisoku Uke. Return the right leg and simultaneously strike the left hand with Jodan Hiji Ate. Continue the movement by jumping into Kake Dachi and block with right Chudan Morote Uchi Uke. Retaining the Kake Dachi position, punch at a 60° angle upwards keeping the left hand touching the right arm. Turn your head 180° to the front and step into a stance similar to Kokutsu Dachi (all these movements are executed in fast succession). Ensure the hips remain still to enable the punch to stay at the same angle; raise up onto the balls of your feet. Take a small step forward with the left foot, then pulling both fists back to the ready punch position, simultaneously leap into the air turning 90° to the left, as you land into a low Kake Dachi you block Seiken Juji Uke and KIAI (left arm under right). Move the right foot across and turn 90° into right Zenkutsu Dachi and block right Chudan Morote Uke. Move the left foot at 45° to the right, pivoting on the right foot and move into a position in preparation for Zenkutsu Dachi (i.e. reverse Zenkutsu Dachi). As you make this turn you simultaneously block left Shuto Gedan Uke and the right hand is brought up to the right ear (but not touching) with the fingers pointing downwards, palm towards the face (the top hand should be positioned so that when you face 45° to an opponent the hand should not be visible). Turn the hips into left Zenkutsu Dachi and strike Ura Kote to the groin, the left hand, palm inwards, comes up to the right ear; as you turn the hips into Kiba Dachi, turn the right hand and pull it back and extend it fully upwards above the right shoulder with the fist closed, simultaneously block left Gedan Barai and keep the head facing the direction of the block. Retaining the arm positions bring the left foot to the right into Musubi Dachi. Look 45° to the right and move into a "reverse" Zenkutsu Dachi simultaneously block right Shuto Gedan Uke and the left hand is brought up to the side of the head (as previously described). Turn the hips into right Zenkutsu Dachi and strike Ura Kote to the groin the right hand, palm inwards, comes up to the left ear; as you turn the hips into Kiba Dachi turn the left hand and pull it back and extend it fully upwards above the left shoulder fist closed, simultaneously block right Gedan Barai and keep the head facing the direction of the block. On the command "Naore" move the left leg to the right leg into Fudo Dachi to complete the Kata. Gekisai Dai The term “Gekisai Dai” is derived from the words “Sai”, meaning fortress or stronghold, and “Geki”, meaning breakdown. “Gekisai”, can also mean "empty air". The Kata teaches strength through fluidity of motion, mobility and the utilization of various techniques. When performing Gekisai Dai, one should remember that flexibility of attack and response will always be superior to rigid and inflexible strength. Steps Begin the Kata in Fudo Dachi. Move into Musubi Dachi and Mokuso on the command "Mokuso". On the second command "Gekisai Dai", open eyes, move into the Yoi position with Ibuki. On the command "Hajime" turn at 90° to the left into left Sanchin Dachi, moving the left foot straight across (i.e. do not bring feet together) and block left Jodan Uke. Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi and punch Jodan Tsuki. Move the right foot back 180° into Kiba Dachi and block left Gedan barai. Turning 90° bring the left foot to the right and take it back so that you are in right Sanchin Dachi and block right Jodan Uke. Move forward into left Zenkutsu Dachi and punch Jodan Oi Tsuki. Move the left foot back 180° into Kiba Dachi and block right Gedan Barai. Turn your head to the front and move 90° into right Sanchin Dachi and block right Chudan Uchi Uke with Ibuki. Move forward into left Sanchin Dachi and block left Chudan Uchi Uke with Ibuki. Move forward into right Sanchin Dachi and block right Chudan Uchi Uke with Ibuki (in the previous three sequences, moving into Sanchin Dachi together with the initial arm position are both done fast and the block is done slowly). Retaining the hand positions kick left Chudan Mae Geri, place the foot into left Zenkutsu Dachi and strike left Jodan Age Hiji Ate follow immediately with left Uraken Oroshi Ganmen Uchi and position for and block left Mae Gedan barai and punch Gedan Gyaku Tsuki. Still looking straight ahead bring the right foot to the left knee, slightly in front as if to sweep someone in front of you, and position the right fist closed adjacent to the left ear. Turn your head 180° and then place the right foot back into Kiba Dachi and strike Shuto Uchi to the neck keeping the left fist closed in the ready punch position and KIAI. Turn 90° bringing the left foot to the right into left Sanchin Dachi and block left Chudan Uchi Uke with Ibuki. Move forward into right Sanchin Dachi and block right Chudan Uchi Uke with Ibuki. Move back into left Sanchin Dachi and block left Chudan Uchi Uke with Ibuki (in the previous three sequences, moving into Sanchin Dachi together with the initial arm position are both done fast and the block is done slowly). Retaining the hand positions kick right Chudan Mae Geri place the foot into right Zenkutsu Dachi and strike right Jodan Age Hiji Ate follow immediately with right Uraken Oroshi Ganmen Uchi and position for and block right Mae Gedan barai and punch Gedan Gyaku Tsuki. Still looking straight ahead bring the left foot to the right knee, slightly in front of you as if to sweep someone in front of you, and position the left fist dose adjacent to the right ear. Turn your head 180° and then place the left foot back into Kiba Dachi and strike Shuto Uchi to the neck keeping the right fist closed in the ready punch position and KIAI. Move forward at 90° into right Zenkutsu Dachi and punch Morote Tsuki (right fist Chudan, left fist Jodan). Move forward into left Zenkutsu Dachi and punch Morote Tsuki (right fist Jodan, left fist Chudan). Move back into right Zenkutsu Dachi and punch Morote Tsuki (right fist Chudan, left fist Jodan). The Kata is completed by moving the right foot back into Musubi Dachi and the Mokuso position is retained until the command "Naore" when the Fudo Dachi position is taken. Yantsu “Yantsu”, means “to keep pure” and implies striving to maintain the purity of principles and ideals, rather than compromising for the sake of expediency. Yantsu comes from the Shorei school and he principles of the Yantsu Kata may never be betrayed in favour of other advantages. This is considered dishonourable (indeed as the irrevocable soiling of one’s own honour). Steps Begin the Kata in Fudo Dachi. Move into Musubi Dachi and Mokuso on the command "Mokuso". On the second command "Yantsu", open eyes, move into the Yoi position with Ibuki. On the command "Hajime", in the Yoi position, strike Jodan Morote Haito Uchi (to the neck) pull both hands back closed to the ready punch position, and punch Jodan Morote Tsuki. Position the left arm to cover, and the right arm is positioned so that the fist is at buttock level to the rear strike right Jodan Uraken Mawashi Uchi. Cover with the right arm and position the left arm behind at buttock level and strike left Jodan Uraken Mawashi Uchi. Then strike right Chudan Yonhon Nukite and left Chudan Yonhon Nukite (the hand in the ready punch position is open during both Nukite strikes). Slowly pull the left hand back to the ready punch position dosing both hands. Move both hands inwards and upwards towards the chin, opening slowly as they move into the Shuto position (when the fists reach the height of the chin the hands open and move outwards to the side of the body in a Tensho movement. At the completion of the movement the hands are at shoulder height palms down, arms bent). Move the left hand quickly into a Chudan Shotei cover (shoulder height) while the right hand returns closed to the ready punch position. Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi and punch Chudan Oi Tsuki. Pull the right foot back into Neko Ashi Dachi simultaneously the right hand returns to the ready punch position. Open the right hand and block Gedan Shotei Uke. Still in Neko Ashi Dachi, block right Jodan Koken Uke slowly then slowly twist the wrist in a circular motion and push the hand out into Shuto Uchi Komi. Bring the right foot back into Musubi Dachi and slowly block with a Chudan Shotei cover. Move forward into left Zenkutsu Dachi and punch Chudan Oi Tsuki. Pull the left foot back into Neko Ashi Dachi simultaneously the left hand returns to the ready punch position. Open the left hand and block Gedan Shotei Uke. Still in Neko Ashi Dachi, block left Jodan Koken Uke then slowly twist the wrist in a circular motion and push the hand out into Shuto Uchi Komi. Turn 90° to the right moving the left foot to the right foot into Musubi Dachi and slowly block left Chudan Shotei. Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi and punch right Gedan Oi Tsuki, left Jodan Gyaku Tsuki and KIAI and right Chudan Oi Tsuki. With the right arm still extended kick left Chudan Mae Geri and bring the foot back into a short Zenkutsu Dachi position, then pull the right foot back towards the left into Neko Ashi Dachi and block right Chudan Haito Uchi Uke (the left hand is closed in the ready punch position). Still in Neko Ashi Dachi pull the right hand back, closed to the ready punch position, open the hand and block Gedan Shotei Uke then slowly block Jodan Koken Uke. Twist the wrist in a circular motion and strike Shuto Uchi Komi. Turn 180° in an anticlockwise direction to the left pulling the left foot back to the right into Musubi Dachi and block Chudan Shotei Uke. Move forward into left Zenkutsu Dachi and punch left Gedan Oi Tsuki, right Jodan Gyaku Tsuki and KIAI and left Chudan Oi Tsuki. With the left arm still extended kick right Chudan Mae Geri and bring the foot back into a short Zenkutsu Dachi position, then pull the left foot back towards the right into Neko Ashi Dachi and block left Chudan Haito Uchi Uke (the right hand is closed in the ready punch position). Still in Neko Ashi Dachi pull the left hand back, closed to the ready punch position, open the hand and block Gedan Shotei Uke then slowly block Jodan Koken Uke. Twist the wrist in a circular motion and strike Shuto Uchi Komi. Turn 90° to the right into Musubi Dachi and slowly block left Chudan Shotei Uke. The Kata is completed by moving into the Mokuso position this position is retained until the command "Naore" when the Fudo Dachi position is taken. Tsuki No Kata “Tsuki No”, means “fortune and luck”. It is considered that good fortune and luck does not come to those who wait. For every punch (Tsuki) in this Kata, one should envision a personal barrier being broken down. Through Tsuki No Kata, one learns to direct strong and persistent effort at problems in order to bring good fortune (in essence – to create one’s own good fortune). Physically, this Kata teaches one to generate thrusting power in many directions. It utilises assorted hand positions and develops the mechanics used to generate power from the legs and hip. This control of power from the hips is focused upon through the use of the three ‘stable’ stances: Kiba Dachi, Zenkutsu Dachi and Sanchin Dachi. Steps Begin the Kata in Fudo Dachi. Move into Musubi Dachi and Mokuso on the command "Mokuso". On the second command "Tsuki No Kata", open eyes, move into the Yoi position with Ibuki. On the command "Hajime" move the right leg back at 45° into Kiba Dachi and block Mae Gedan Barai then punch Chudan Gyaku Tsuki (these two actions are done in one movement). Move forward with the right foot in a straight line into Kiba Dachi at 45° and punch Chudan Gyaku Tsuki. Move the left foot forward into Sanchin Dachi and punch Chudan Gyaku Tsuki. Move the right foot forward into Sanchin Dachi and punch Chudan Gyaku Tsuki. Move forward with the left foot into Zenkutsu Dachi and punch Gedan Gyaku Tsuki. Move forward with the right foot into Zenkutsu Dachi and punch Gedan Gyaku Tsuki and Chudan Oi Tsuki (the punches must be done fast). Bring the right foot across and turn the body 180° into left Sanchin Dachi and block left Chudan Uchi Uke and punch Chudan Oi Tsuki (when turning into Sanchin Dachi the right foot should move back so that the right heel crosses in front of the left toes to establish the Sanchin Dachi position. Note also that the turn, block and punch are all performed quickly). Keeping the right arm extended step forward into right Sanchin Dachi and slowly block Chudan Uchi Uke. After the block immediately punch Chudan Gyaku Tsuki and Chudan Oi Tsuki (punches must be executed quickly). Move forward into left Zenkutsu Dachi and punch Jodan Oi Tsuki. Move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi and punch Jodan Oi Tsuki. Move the left foot across and turn into left Zenkutsu Dachi and block Mae Gedan Barai. Kick right Chudan Mae Geri and bring the kicking leg back into Tsuru Ashi Dachi, turn the head 90° to the right and simultaneously cover with the left hand in the Shotei position (at shoulder height). Move into Kiba Dachi and punch right Jun Tsuki and KIAI (the left hand is closed and the level of the striking arm is approximately at shoulder level and parallel to the ground). Move forward with the left leg in a straight line turning the body 180° into Kiba Dachi and punch left Jun Tsuki (the right hand is closed). Pivot on the feet turning 180° (left heel raised, right foot flat) and cover with left Shotei complete the turn into Kiba Dachi and strike right Yonhon Nukite (the left hand is open after the strike and the level of the striking arm is approximately at shoulder level and parallel to the ground). Pivot on the feet, turn 180° (the right heel raised, left foot fiat) and cover with right Shotei, move forward with the left leg in a straight line turning the body 180° into Kiba Dachi and punch left Jun Tsuki. Bring the left foot to the right foot and slide back into right Zenkutsu Dachi and simultaneously block with right Chudan Uchi Uke and left Mae Gedan Barai (these movements are executed slowly). Slowly bring the right fist back into the ready punch position and KIAI as you punch Jodan Oi Tsuki, Gedan Gyaku Tsuki and Chudan Oi Tsuki (the Kiai continues throughout the punching sequence). Bring the right foot back towards the left and then move the right foot into right Sanchin Dachi and block Shoto Mawashi Uke with Ibuki (the Ibuki is performed on the Shotei part of the Shoto Mawashi Uke). The Kata is completed by moving the right foot back into Musubi Dachi and the Mokuso position is retained until the command "Naore" when the Fudo Dachi position is taken. Saifa Saifa is (perhaps) more commonly known as ‘Saiha’ (Chinese Zuofa) and is considered an advanced form. “Saifa/Saiha/Zuofa”, means "Rolling Wave", "To Break" or "Smash" and is therefore a significant element of the Kyokushin Budo Kai Kihon (consider the Tsunami symbol of the International Kyokushin Budokai). It is not really clear whether this form is a direct descendant of, or was simply influenced by, the ‘White Crane’ systems of the Chinese Martial Arts. However, there is clearly a relationship between Saifa and the ‘White Crane’ systems. This Kata works with many angled steps and circular movements designed to parry an attacker. Also included are one legged crane stances and a large number of different hand techniques (Tetsui, Uraken, Morote Tsuki, Ashi Barai, Haito Uchi etc.). Steps Begin the Kata in Fudo Dachi. Move into Musubi Dachi and Mokuso on the command "Mokuso". On the second command "Saifa", open eyes, move into the Yoi position with Ibuki. On the command "Hajime" move forward with the right foot at 45°. Slowly bring the left foot to the right into Heisoku Dachi simultaneously move the hands so that the right fist returns to the ready punch position (i.e. in Tate Tsuki position) and the open left hand is placed on the front of the right fist. Grasping the right fist, snap the right elbow up in a circular upper movement (looking the same direction the elbow is pointing). Then the left hand covers using Jodan Shotei and the right hand closed, moves inside the left ready to strike. Move the left foot straight back into Kiba Dachi and strike right Uraken Ganmen Uchi and simultaneously the left hand is pulled back still in Shotei, to a cover position slightly above belt level. Move the left foot forward at a 45° angle and repeat the entire previous movements but striking with the left arm. Move the right foot forward at a 45° angle and repeat the entire previous movement, but striking with the right arm. Move with the left leg 90° to the left simultaneously turning the head in the same direction and position both hands for the block. Pull the right leg slowly along the ground towards the side of the left foot (keeping the hips facing forward) with the heel raised in a ready kicking position, simultaneously with the above leg movement perform a slow double blocking movement with both hands open (right hand moves downwards similar to Shuto Gedan barai and the left hand moves to a position similar to Haito Uke) at the same time of the leg and arm movements the head turns quickly to the front. From this position kick right Chudan Mae Geri keeping both hands in the original Position. After the kick, without placing the right foot down, position the right foot to the right approximately "two shoulder widths" from the left foot, look to the left and move the left foot to the right as illustrated and position the hands in preparation to block. Repeat the leg and blocking movements as previously described. Kick left Chudan Mae Geri and immediately after the kick place the foot back so to end up in right Zenkutsu Dachi as the foot comes back execute Morote Haito Uchi to the neck. Continue the hand movement so that both hands are pulled back closed, to the ready punch position. Strike Jodan Morote Tsuki. With both fists in this position, open both hands and swing them slowly down in a circular movement at 45° dosing the left fist prior to striking the left palm with Tetsui (at approximately belt height). Step across with the right foot and turn 180° into left Zenkutsu Dachi execute Morote Haito Uchi. Continue the hand movements to the ready punch position and strike Jodan Morote Tsuki. Open both hands and swing them down in a circular movement and strike right Tetsui into the open left palm. Move the right foot towards the left and slightly in front to perform a leg sweep, simultaneously the right fist is positioned above and behind the head in preparation to strike. Turn 180° to complete the movement on the left leg, keeping the right knee as high as possible, cover left Shotei stamp the right foot down into right Sanchin Dachi and strike right Tetsui Oroshi Ganmen Uchi pulling the left hand back into the ready punch position and KIAI. Open the right fist and execute a fast tensho hooking movement and punch left Shita Tsuki pulling the right hand back closed to the ready punch position. As previously described move the left foot towards the right and execute a sweep. Turn 180° stamping the foot down into left Sanchin Dachi and strike left Tetsui Oroshi Ganmen Uchi and KIAI. Open the left fist and execute a fast tensho hooking movement and punch right Shita Tsuki pulling the left hand back closed to the ready punch position. Move forward with the right foot into right Zenkutsu Dachi and punch Chudan Oi Tsuki. Move forward 45° to the right pivot on the left foot and turn quickly, with the right arm extended, hand open, and the open left hand in the ready punch position (the right hand is held at approximately neck height). Pull back slowly into right Neko Ashi Dachi simultaneously pull the right hand towards you as if hooking the neck and at the same time the left hand slowly strikes Chudan Yonhon Nukite (palm upwards - the final position should be with the right hand over and in line with the left Nukite position and not extended beyond it). Block Gyaku Shuto Mawashi Uke and Ibuki (the Ibuki is performed on the Shotei part of the Shuto Mawashi Uke). The Kata is completed by moving the right foot back into Musubi Dachi and the Mokuso position is retained until the command "Naore" when the Fudo Dachi position is taken. Tensho Tensho Kata was created by Miyagi Chojun O'Sensei (Goju). Tensho literally means "turning", "rolling" or "fluid" hands and this Kata represents the "Ju" (softness) of Goju. Miyagi O'Sensei developed this Kata from the "Rokkishu" Kata of the Fukian White Crane System. Tensho emphasizes smooth movements and can be considered the counterpart to the Sanchin No Kata which has very hard movements. Where Sanchin No Kata is hard, Tensho is soft. Tensho consists of only three steps forward and three steps back and this may, at first, sound very easy. However, the hand movements and breathing method require a high level of co-ordination. Tensho is about refinement, perfection, concentration and focus. When one masters the Tensho Kata, one comes to a fundamental understanding of the "soft" aspects of Karate. The wrist is very important in Tensho. It must be relaxed and loose so that contact with an opponents attacking arm results in the arm being ‘taken and controlled’ (an important aspect of close combat) and not ‘lost again’. This is the principle of Kakie – ‘Sticky Hands’. Tensho was Mas Oyama's favorite Kata. Steps Begin the Kata in Fudo Dachi. Move into Musubi Dachi and Mokuso on the command "Mokuso". On the second command "Tensho", open eyes, move into the Yoi position with Ibuki. On the command "Hajime" move into right Sanchin Dachi simultaneously slowly blocking Morote Chudan Uchi Uke (no Ibuki Nogare breathing). In the same position slowly bring the left fist back to the ready punch position (to a mental count of four). Inhale and execute, at a moderate speed, a right Jodan Tensho circular hooking movement. Immediately reverse the hand movement using Shuto completing the technique at the ready punch position, hand open (block or strike) (on both the circular movements inhale sharply with short breaths). Execute a right Jodan Shotei Uchi with Ibuki. Position the right hand as shown and execute at a moderate speed a circular movement similar to Shuto Hizo Uchi continuing the circular movement back to the ready punch position with the right hand open. Inhale and execute a right Shuto Gedan Uke with Ibuki. From this position slowly execute a right Jodan Koken Uke and immediately follow with a right Shuto uchi komi with Ibuki, striking forward and down. Immediately follow with a slow right Koken Hizo Uchi whilst inhaling and execute a right Chudan Shotei Uchi with Ibuki. Move forward into left Sanchin Dachi simultaneously blocking Morote Chudan Uchi Uke and Ibuki. In the same position slowly bring the right fist back to ready punch position (to a mental count of four). Inhale and execute, at a moderate speed, a left Jodan Tensho circular hooking movement. Immediately reverse the hand movement using Shuto completing the technique at the ready punch position, hand open (block or strike) (on both the circular movements you inhale sharply with short breaths). Execute a left Jodan Shotei Uchi with Ibuki. Position the left hand as shown and execute a circular movement similar to Shuto Hizo Uchi continuing the circular movement back to the ready punch position with the left hand open. Inhale and execute a slow left Shuto Gedan Uke with Ibuki. From this position execute a slow left Jodan Koken Uke and immediately follow with a left Shuto uchi komi with Ibuki striking forward and down. Immediately follow with a slow left Koken Hizo Uchi whilst inhaling and execute a left Chudan Shotei Uchi with Ibuki. Move forward into right Sanchin Dachi simultaneously blocking Morote Chudan Uchi Uke with Ibuki. In the same position inhale and execute at a moderate speed a Morote Jodan Tensho circular hooking movement. Immediately reverse the hand movement using Morote Shuto completing the technique at ready punch position (block or strike) (on both the circular movements you inhale sharply with short breaths). Execute Morote Jodan Shotei Uchi with Ibuki. Position both hands as shown and execute a circular movement similar to Morote Shuto Hizo Uchi continuing the circular movement back to the ready punch position with the hands open. Inhale and execute Morote Shuto Gedan Uke with Ibuki. From this position execute a slow Morote Jodan Koken Uke and immediately follow with Morote Shuto Uchi Komi and Ibuki striking forward and down. Immediately follow with a slow Morote Koken Hizo Uchi whilst inhaling and execute Morote Chudan Shotei Uchi with Ibuki. From this position quickly execute, in a forward direction, a double hooking movement (positioned at height of neck) and slowly return both hands open, to the ready punch position whilst inhaling. Execute Morote Chudan Yonhon Nukite to the solar plexus with Ibuki. Repeat the double hooking movement and slowly return both hands, open, to the ready punch position whilst inhaling. Execute Morote Chudan Yonhon Nukite with Ibuki. Repeat the double hooking movement and slowly return both hands, open, to the ready punch position whilst inhaling. Execute Morote Chudan Yonhon Nukite with Ibuki. Quickly move back with the right leg into left Sanchin Dachi and execute a fast Shuto Mawashi Uke inhale and execute Morote Shotei Uchi (right hand Jodan left hand Gedan) with Ibuki. Quickly move back with the left leg into right Sanchin Dachi and execute a fast Shuto Mawashi Uke inhale and execute Morote Shotei Uchi (left hand Jodan right hand Gedan) with Ibuki. The Kata is completed by moving the right foot back into Musubi Dachi and the Mokuso position is retained until the command "Naore" when the Fudo Dachi position is taken. Seienchin The word ‘Seienchin’ can be translated as "control", "pull" or "fight". It’s possible that this is a hint toward the various grappling and grabbing techniques contained within the Seienchin Kata. Seienchin is a long Kata with a lot of slow movements which are executed in Kiba Dachi. The hook blocks within the Kata hint at its Chinese origin and some of the blocks appear very much like their Taijiquan counterparts. In the Goju Ryu, Seienchin belongs to the Ju-Kata (soft Kata) and (together with Suparinpei) is considered the highest level of Kata. Steps Begin the Kata in Fudo Dachi. Move into Musubi Dachi and Mokuso on the command "Mokuso". On the second command "Seienchin", open eyes, move into the Yoi position with Ibuki. On the command "Hajime" move the right leg forward to the right in a circular movement into Kiba Dachi at 45° and simultaneously bring both fists back to the ready punch position. Quickly block Morote Shotei Gedan Uke with the hands crossed to finish levelwith and in front of the groin so that the fingers of the left hand are on top of the right. From this position slowly bring both hands up level with your chin, thumbs facing out (this movement begins by twisting your hands towards your body so that the backs of the hands are touching). Close both hands and, as if gripping bring both fists down vertically to chin level then slowly bring the fists in a downward twisting and outward direction as in the photograph. Still in the same stance cover with a fast left Shotei and execute a right Haito Uchi Uke returning the left hand open to the ready punch position. Now from the same hand position execute a right Tensho Uke and pull towards the body and simultaneously execute a left Yonhon Nukite Chudan. (The techniques above are executed so that the hands are at an angle which is just inside the line of the right leg. In addition all the movements are executed slowly, with the exception of the cover which is done quickly. Finally you should look at 45° whilst performing the movements. This principle is maintained in the following similar movements.) Move the left leg forward in a circular movement into Kiba Dachi at 45° and as previously explained returning both fists to the ready punch position, block Morote Shotei Gedan Uke, bring both hands up level with your chin and twist both hands out. Execute a fast right Shotei cover and perform a left Haito Uchi Uke and execute a left Tensho Uke pulling the hand towards the body and perform a right Yonhon Nukite. Move the right leg forward in a circular movement into Kiba Dachi at 45° as previously explained, returning both fists to the ready punch position, block Morote Shotei Gedan Uke, bring both hands up level with your chin and twist both hands out. Execute a fast left Shotei cover and perform a right Haito Uchi Uke and execute a right Tensho Uke pulling the hand towards the body and perform a left Yonhon Nukite. From this position bring your right foot back and kick Age Kakato Ushiro Geri and at the same time strike right Ushiro Hiji Ate with the left palm placed on top of the right fist. Move forward into right Moro Ashi Dachi and punch right Chudan Tsuki with the left palm placed on the right wrist. Quickly move the right foot back into left Zenkutsu Dachi and position the left hand (arm extended palm facing down) as if to grab an opponent’s neck, the right fist is simultaneously brought back to the ready punch position. Quickly strike right Jodan Age Hiji Ate hitting the palm of the left hand. Slowly move forward with the right leg in a circular movement into right Kokutsu Dachi at 45° and at the same time slowly block right Morote Chudan Uchi Uke with the left palm placed on the inside of the right arm so that the finger tips are touching the wrist. Move forward with the left leg at an angle into Kiba Dachi and block left Mae Gedan Barai. Take your left foot back at the same angle into Kiba Dachi and block right Mae Gedan Barai. With your left leg move forward in a circular movement into left Kokutsu Dachi at 45° and slowly block left Morote Chudan Uchi Uke as previously explained. Move forward with the right leg at an angle into Kiba Dachi and block right Mae Gedan Barai. Take your right leg back at the same angle into Kiba Dachi and block left Mae Gedan Barai. Move the left foot back into Mae Kiba Dachi (i.e. moving the body 135°) and execute a Kata Guruma (throw) (the hands should be open at the beginning of the throw and the upper hand should be held slightly above the head as indicated, with the thumb pointing straight out). By moving clockwise 180° take the right foot back into Mae Kiba Dachi and repeat the Kata Guruma as previously described. Move forward covering with a left Shotei into right Moro Ashi Dachi by moving the right leg initially into age Ushiro Kakato Geri and block right Chudan Soto Uke hitting the palm of the left hand, followed immediately by moving forward into right Moro Ashi Dachi simultaneously covering with a left Shotei in a downward direction and strike Uraken Oroshi Ganmen Uchi and KIAI (the left hand remains open, palm down, with the right elbow placed on top of the left hand). Quickly cross the right foot in front of the left and turn 45° into left Sanchin Dachi and block left Chudan Uchi Uke, right Mae Gedan Barai. Covering with a left Shotei step forward into Kiba Dachi and strike right Age Tsuki and KIAI. In the same stance immediately cover left Shotei and strike right Uraken Sayu Ganmen Uchi. Again in the same stance block right Mae Gedan Barai. Move the right foot back at the same angle into Kiba Dachi and block Mae Gedan Barai. Turn your body to the front pulling the right leg into Neko Ashi Dachi and simultaneously execute a left Ushiro Hiji Ate and right Chudan Mae Hiji Ate and with a slight backward slide, move your right foot back into left Neko Ashi Dachi and simultaneously execute a right Ushiro Hiji Ate and left Chudan Mae Hiji Ate. Cross the left foot into right Sanchin Dachi at 45° and block right Chudan Uchi Uke and left Mae Gedan Barai. Covering with a right Shotei step forward into Kiba Dachi and strike left Age Tsuki and KIAI followed by left Uraken Sayu Ganmen Uchi and left Mae Gedan Barai. Move the left foot back at the same angle into Kiba Dachi and block right Mae Gedan Barai. Turn your body to the front pulling the left leg into Neko Ashi Dachi and simultaneously execute a right Ushiro Hiji Ate and left Chudan Mae Hiji Ate. With a slight backward slide move your left foot into right Neko Ashi Dachi and simultaneously execute a left Ushiro Hiji Ate and right Chudan Mae Hiji Ate. Move forward covering with a left downward Shotei cover into right Moro Ashi Dachi by moving the left leg initially into age Ushiro Kakato Geri and strike right Uraken Oroshi Ganmen Uchi (the left hand remains open palm down with the right elbow placed on top of the left hand). From this stance jump backwards and upwards kicking left Tobi Jodan Mae Geri. From the kicking position land into left Kokutsu Dachi with the arms positioned with the elbows together, hands open at face level. Push the elbows down to groin level with Ibuki (fingers touching and pointing to the front and thumbs touching). The Kata is completed by moving the left leg back into Musubi Dachi and the Mokuso position is retained until the command "Naore" when the Fudo Dachi position is taken. Kanku Dai Kanku: "View the heavens; gaze at the sky" or "sunrise". This Kata was originally called Kushanku, which is said to be the title given to a Chinese military attaché to Okinawa. The historical Kushanku (Guan Kui) who is credited with the introduction of the Kanku Kata, came to Okinawa in 1756. He was an expert in hand to hand combat and gave a demonstration of his abilities whilst in Okinawa and the Kanku Kata is still said to contain many elements of Kushanku's original display. It was the Kata chosen by Gichin Funakoshi for performance at the first public demonstration of Karate-do in Japan in 1922. Kanku is the supreme Kata of all traditional Karate-do. As one's hands are brought together in the opening position, one gazes to the heavens through the hands to reflect on the rising of the sun, and the glory and infinity of the heavens. As long as heaven and earth remain in their celestial sojourn, all will be well. The sun will rise again tomorrow and with it comes new hope, regardless of how hard today seemed. Kanku Dai is the representative Kata of Kyokushin Karate. Steps Begin the Kata in Fudo Dachi. Move into Musubi Dachi and Mokuso on the command "Mokuso". On the second command "Kanku Dai", open eyes, move into the Yoi position with Ibuki. On the command "Hajime" slowly place both hands into the Kanku position (hands open, index finger and thumb of each hand touching), in front of the groin. Slowly raise both arms into the Kanku position above the head. Maintain this position for approximately 5 seconds and part them strongly bringing both arms down in a circular action in front of the body to strike right Shuto Hizo Uchi to the palm of the left hand. Turn at 90° to the left into left Kokutsu Dachi and block Shuto Mawashi Uke. Move the left leg and turn 180° into right Kokutsu Dachi and block Shuto Mawashi Uke. Pivot 90° to the left into left Sanchin Dachi and block Chudan Uchi Uke immediately punch Chudan Gyaku Tsuki quickly follow with right Gyaku Chudan Uchi Uke and immediately punch Chudan Oi Tsuki. Move forward with the left foot into left Kokutsu Dachi and block Shuto Mawashi Uke. Move forward into right Kokutsu Dachi and block Shuto Mawashi Uke. Move forward into left Kokutsu Dachi and block Shuto Mawashi Uke. Retaining the same stance block down with left Shuto Uke and with the left hand in the same position move forward into right Zenkutsu Dachi and strike right Yonhon Nukite (the left hand remains open under the right elbow). Move left foot across to the right simultaneously raise the left hand behind into a Jodan Shuto cover with the arm straight and at the same time the right hand is placed behind the head in preparation for the Shuto strike (the head should turn to the left as the foot moves across). Complete the turn by pivoting the hips into left Zenkutsu Dachi and execute a right Shuto Yoko Ganmen Uchi, simultaneously the left hand is pulled back in front of the forehead with palm facing outwards to cover. Leaving the hands in this position kick right Chudan Mae Geri. As you land into right Zenkutsu Dachi pull the left hand back to the ready punch position and punch left Chudan Gyaku Tsuki and right Chudan Oi Tsuki. Move the right foot back, covering with the right hand, turning 180° into right Zenkutsu Dachi and strike left Shuto Yoko Ganmen Uchi with the right hand in the cover position. Leaving the hands in this position kick left Chudan Mae Geri and land into left Zenkutsu Dachi and punch right Chudan Gyaku Tsuki and left Chudan Oi Tsuki. Slowly pull the left foot back into Musubi Dachi and simultaneously pull both hands, closed, to the left ready punch position with the right fist in the Tetsui position on top of the left fist. With both hands in this position kick right Chudan Mae Geri bring the leg back into Tsuru Ashi Dachi and look to the right. Without placing the foot down kick right Jodan Yoko Geri to the side, and simultaneously strike right Uraken Uchi. Open the fist of the extended right arm and land in right Zenkutsu Dachi (i.e. 90° from original position) and strike left Jodan Hiji Ate into the open right hand (a slight pull back of the right hand should be performed before the elbow strike). Slowly pull the left foot back into Musubi Dachi and simultaneously pull both hands, closed, to the right ready punch position. Kick left Chudan Mae Geri, return the leg to the Tsuru Ashi Dachi position and look to the left and kick left Jodan Yoko Geri to the side and simultaneously strike left Uraken Uchi. Open the fist of the extended left arm and land in left Zenkutsu Dachi (i.e. 90° from original position) and strike right Jodan Hiji Ate into the open left hand ensuring that you pull back slightly with the left arm prior to the strike. Move the right foot forward at 45° into right Sanchin Dachi and block right Jodan Uke then immediately strike with right Uraken Ganmen Uchi and right Jodan Hiji Ate, cover with the left arm and strike right Oroshi Hiji Ate and KIAI (the body drops as low as possible into a crouching narrow Kiba Dachi when you strike Oroshi Hiji Ate). As you regain the standing position move the left leg 90° to the right into left Sanchin Dachi at 45° and block left Jodan Uke, immediately strike left Uraken Ganmen Uchi and left Jodan Hiji Ate cover with the right arm and strike left Oroshi Hiji Ate as previously described and KIAI. As you regain the standing position move 45° to the left, open both hands and bring them in front of the face simultaneously kick right Age Ushiro Kakato Geri. With both hands in this position move forward into right Moro Ashi Dachi and simultaneously block Morote Shuto Gedan Barai. Raise both hands to cover the face and simultaneously kick right Age Ushiro Kakato Geri and move forward into right Moro Ashi Dachi and simultaneously block Morote Shuto Gedan Barai. Pull both hands to the right ready punch position with the left open hand placed over the right closed fist. Simultaneously kick right Age Ushiro Kakato Geri. Move forward into right Moro Ashi Dachi and punch right Chudan Oi Tsuki with the left open hand placed on the right forearm. Pivot on the right foot and turn anti-clockwise 180° and kick left Age Ushiro Kakato Geri and simultaneously cover with both hands open in front of the face. With both hands in this position move forward into left Moro Ashi Dachi and simultaneously block Morote Shuto Gedan Barai. Raise both hands to cover the face and simultaneously kick left Age Ushiro Kakato Geri. Move forward into left Moro Ashi Dachi and simultaneously block Morote Shuto Gedan Barai. Pull both hands to the left ready punch position with the right open hand placed over the left closed fist simultaneously kick left Age Ushiro Kakato Geri. Move forward into left Moro Ashi Dachi and punch left Chudan Oi Tsuki with the right open hand placed on the left forearm. Pull the right hand back closed to the ready punch position and move forward with the right leg (i.e. turning 90°) into Kiba Dachi and punch right Chudan jun Tsuki. Slowly pull the right foot back into Musubi Dachi with both fists closed in the left ready punch position (i.e. right fist on left). Kick right Chudan Mae Geri return the leg to Tsuru Ashi Dachi position and look to the right and kick right Jodan Yoko Geri to the side and simultaneously strike right Uraken Uchi. Open the fist of the extended right arm and land into right Zenkutsu Dachi (i.e. 90° from original position) and strike left Jodan Hiji Ate into the right open hand. Slowly pull the left foot back into Musubi Dachi; with both fist closed in the right ready punch position (i.e. left fist on right). Kick left Chudan Mae Geri return the leg to the Tsuru Ashi Dachi position and look to the left and kick left Jodan Yoko Geri and simultaneously strike left Uraken Uchi. Open the fist of the extended left arm and land into left Zenkutsu Dachi (i.e. 90° from original position) and strike right Jodan Hiji Ate into the left open hand. Turn your head 90° to the right and move the right foot to the left into a semi neko ashi Dachi, simultaneously pull both hands back to their respective ready punch positions. Step 90° to the right into left Kake Dachi and punch Morote Tsuki (right Jodan, left Chudan). From this position move the left foot forward into Kiba Dachi and quickly cover with a right Shotei to the left and position the left arm ready for a strike with the palm parallel to the ground. Slowly execute a left haishu uchi (at shoulder height) and move the right hand, fist closed, to the ready punch position. Leaving the left hand in this position kick right Soto Mawashi Teisoku Keage. Before you position the right foot on the ground pull the left hand back, closed, to the ready punch position and jump forward into right Kake Dachi and punch Morote Tsuki (right Jodan, left Chudan). Jump up and slightly back landing in a low right Zenkutsu Dachi simultaneously both hands are positioned to make a large circle and the finger tips should touch the ground in front of the right foot. Look to the rear and block Ushiro Morote Shuto Gedan Barai parallel to the back leg. Look to the front and pull the right foot back into right Kokutsu Dachi and block right Shuto Mawashi Uke. Turn the head 90° to the left and pivot into left Sanchin Dachi blocking left Chudan Uchi Uke and right Mae Gedan Barai. Repeat the block: right Chudan Uchi Uke and left Mae Gedan Barai. Bring the right hand slowly down in a semi circular movement to form a lower Kanku position (as previously described). Slowly raise both arms into the Kanku position above the head. Maintain this Kanku position for approximately 5 seconds and part the hands strongly bringing both arms down in a circular action in front of the body to strike right Shuto Hizo Uchi into the palm of the left hand. Pivot clockwise 180° (Ura) into a semi Zenkutsu Dachi (left heel is raised off the ground) so that hips and head are turned to the right; cover with left Shotei in front of the body with the right hand open in the ready punch position. Pivot the hips into Kiba Dachi and strike right Yonhon Nukite Chudan. Pivot the hips 90° into a left semi Zenkutsu Dachi and cover right Shotei. Strike left Chudan Yonhon Nukite turning the hips back to the original Kiba Dachi position. In the same position turn your head 90° and look forward and block right Chudan Kake Uke, strike left Chudan Yonhon Nukite and right Chudan Yonhon Nukite (i.e. Nihon Nukite). Turn anticlockwise 225° with the left leg into a left semi Zenkutsu Dachi and right Shotei cover and turn the hips back 90° into Kiba Dachi and strike left Yonhon Nukite Chudan. Pivot 90° into a right semi Zenkutsu Dachi and left Shotei cover strike right Chudan Yonhon Nukite turning the hips back to the original Kiba Dachi position. Turn your head 90° and look forward and block left Chudan Kake Uke and strike right Chudan Yonhon Nukite and left Chudan Yonhon Nukite. Move the right foot to the right 180° and turn into a right semi Zenkutsu Dachi and left Shotei cover and turn the hips back 90° and strike right Chudan Yonhon Nukite. Pivot to the left 90° into a left semi Zenkutsu Dachi and right Shotei cover and turn the hips back to the original Kiba Dachi position and strike left Chudan Yonhon Nukite. Look to the front and block right Chudan Kake Uke and strike left Chudan Yonhon Nukite and right Chudan Yonhon Nukite. Pivot to the left 90° into a left semi Zenkutsu Dachi and right Shotei cover. Retaining the hand position move through in a straight line into a right semi Zenkutsu Dachi. Move through once again in a straight line into a left semi Zenkutsu Dachi, strike left Chudan Yonhon Nukite turning the hips back to the original Kiba Dachi position. Pivot to the right into a right semi Zenkutsu Dachi and left Shotei cover and turn the hips back to the original Kiba Dachi position and strike right Chudan Yonhon Nukite. Look to the front and block right Chudan Kake Uke and strike right Chudan Yonhon Nukite and left Chudan Yonhon Nukite. Still in the same position with both hands open reach up to the right, and moving into a stance similar to Zenkutsu Dachi simultaneously execute a Tai Otoshi (throw) (the fists dosing during the execution of the throw). Leaving the right hand in the original position raise the left fist in preparation for a block and execute left Mae Gedan Barai and punch right Gedan Gyaku Tsuki. Retaining the same position reach up to the left with the hands open and execute the Tai Otoshi as you turn 180° to the right into a stance similar to right Zenkutsu Dachi. Block right Mae Gedan Barai and punch left Gedan Gyaku Tsuki and KIAI (when executing the Gyaku Tsuki the body should be positioned so that the punching fist is slightly below the bent knee). The Kata is completed by moving the right foot back into Musubi Dachi and the Mokuso position is retained until the command "Naore" when the Fudo Dachi position is taken. Dachi Zenkutsu Dachi (Front) Zenkutsu Dachi (Side) Sanchin Dachi Kokutsu Dachi (Front) Kokutsu Dachi (Side) Neko Ashi Dachi (Front) Neko Ashi Dachi (Side) Shiko Dachi Kiba Dachi Kake Dachi (Front) Kake Dachi (Side) Tsuru Ashi Dachi Kumite Dachi Moro Ashi Dachi Yoi Dachi / Fudo Dachi Heiko Dachi Heisoku Dachi Te Waza Oi Tsuki Jodan Oi Tsuki Chudan Oi Tsuki Gedan Gyaku Tsuki Seiken Ago Uchi Tate Tsuki Tettsui Komi Kami Tettsui Yoko Uchi Tettsui Oroshi Ganmen Uchi Uraken Shomen Ganmen Uchi Uraken Sayu Ganmen Uchi Uraken Oroshi Ganmen Uchi Uraken Hizo Uchi Shotei Uchi Jodan Shotei Uchi Chudan Shotei Uchi Gedan Hiji Ate Age Hiji Ate Shuto Uchi Komi Shuto Sakotsu Uchi Shuto Jodan Uchi Uchi Shuto Yoko Ganmen Uchi Shuto Hizo Uchi Me Tsuki / Nihon Nukite Yonhon Nukite Toho Uchi Uke Waza Jodan Uke (Variant 1) Jodan Uke (Variant 2) Soto Uke Uchi Uke Gedan Barai Juji Uke Jodan Juji Uke Gedan Shotei Uke Jodan Shotei Uke Chudan Shotei Uke Gedan Kate Uke Uchi Uke / Gedan Barai Shuto Mawashi Uke (Front) Shuto Mawashi Uke (Side) Sune Kote Uke Geri Waza Mae Keage (Mae Geri Keage) Mae Geri Jodan Mae Hiza Geri aka. Hiza Geri (Front) Mae Hiza Geri aka. Hiza Geri (Side) Hiza Ganmen Geri Mawashi Hiza Geri Mawashi Geri Jodan Ushiro Mawashi Geri Ushiro Geri Mae Kakato Geri Yoko Geri Kansetsu Geri Kinteki Geri Uchi Mawashi Geri Keage Soto Mawashi Geri Keage Oroshi Uchi Kakato Geri Oroshi Soto Kakato Geri